PS/2 Keyboard

概述

PS/2键盘是一种使用串行通信与PS/2控制器对话的设备。理想情况下，每种不同类型的PS/2控制器驱动程序都应提供某种标准/简单的 “发送字节/接收字节” 接口，PS/2键盘驱动程序将使用此接口，而无需关心较低级别的详细信息 (例如设备插入的PS/2控制器类型)。

PS/2键盘接受命令并发送对这些命令的响应，还发送指示何时按下或释放键的Scan Code。（译者注：键盘硬件一般使用矩阵电路扫描的方式来识别当前按下的键位，具体请查阅其它资料）请记住，这些Scan Code(来自下表) 可以由PS/2控制器更改 (即以下讨论的Scan Code到Key Code转换)，具体取决于控制器的设置。

命令

PS/2键盘接受许多类型的命令。一个命令是一个字节。某些命令具有多个数据byte，必须在命令byte之后发送。键盘通常通过发送 “ACK” (确认命令) 或 “Resend” (说明上一个命令有问题) 来响应命令。不要忘记在命令，数据和键盘响应之间等待。

PS/2键盘接受的命令是:

命令字节

数据字节

含义

响应

0xED

LED状态:

Bit	用途
0	ScrollLock
1	NumberLock
2	CapsLock

注意: 其它位可以在国际键盘中用于其它目的 (例如，日本键盘可能将位4用于 “假名模式” LED)。

设置LED

0xFA (ACK) or 0xFE (Resend)

0xEE

None

Echo (用于诊断目的，对于设备移除检测很有用)

0xEE (Echo) 或 0xFE (Resend)

0xF0

子命令：

值	用途
0	获取当前Scan Code Set
1	设置Scan Code Set1
2	设置Scan Code Set2
3	设置Scan Code Set3

获取/设置当前Scan Code Set

当Scan Code Set正在被设置时，返回0xFA (ACK) 或 0xFE (Resend); 当正在获取Scan Code Set时，返回 0xFA (ACK) 以及Scan Code Set编号，或者0xFE (Resend)

0xF2

None

识别键盘

0xFA (ACK) 后跟零或多个ID字节 (参见 "检测设备类型")

0xF3

类型字节:

逐位	含义
0 to 4	重复频率 (00000b = 30Hz，...，11111b = 2Hz)
5 to 6	键重复之前的延迟 (00b = 250 ms，01b = 500 ms，10b = 750 ms，11b = 1000 ms)
7	必须为零

设置类型速率和延迟

0xFA (ACK) 或 0xFE (Resend)

0xF4

None

启用扫描 (键盘会发送Scan Code)

0xFA (ACK) 或 0xFE (Resend)

0xF5

None

禁用扫描 (键盘不会发送Scan Code)

注意: 也许会恢复默认参数

0xFA (ACK) 或 0xFE (Resend)

0xF6

None

设置默认参数

0xFA (ACK) 或 0xFE (Resend)

0xF7

None

将所有键设置为仅typematic/autorepeat (仅scancode Set 3)

0xFA (ACK) 或 0xFE (Resend)

0xF8

None

将所有键设置为make/release (仅scancode Set 3)

0xFA (ACK) 或 0xFE (Resend)

0xF9

None

将所有键设置为仅make (仅scancode Set 3)

0xFA (ACK) 或 0xFE (Resend)

0xFA

None

将所有键设置为 typematic/autorepeat/make/release (仅scancode Set 3)

0xFA (ACK) or 0xFE (Resend)

0xFB

按键Scan Code

将特定键设置为仅typematic/autorepeat (仅scancode Set 3)

0xFA (ACK) 或 0xFE (Resend)

0xFC

按键Scan Code

设置要制作/释放的特定键 (仅scancode Set 3)

0xFA (ACK) 或 0xFE (Resend)

0xFD

按键Scan Code

将特定键设置为仅使 (仅scancode Set 3)

0xFA (ACK) 或 0xFE (Resend)

0xFE

None

重新发送最后一个字节

先前发送的字节或0xFE (Resend)

0xFF

None

重置并开始自检

0xAA (自检通过), 0xFC 或 0xFD (自检失败), 或 0xFE (Resend)

特殊字节

键盘向系统发送字节。其中一些字节具有特殊含义 (例如，来自上述命令的响应)。键盘可能发送的字节是:

响应字节	含义
0x00	键检测错误或内部缓冲区溢出
0xAA	自检通过 (在 “0xFF (reset)” 命令或键盘加电后发送)
0xEE	对 “0xEE (echo)” 命令的响应
0xFA	命令确认 (ACK)
0xFC和0xFD	自检失败 (在 “0xFF (reset)” 命令或键盘加电后发送)
0xFE	重新发送 (键盘希望控制器重复它发送的最后一个命令)
0xFF	键检测错误或内部缓冲区溢出

键盘发送的所有其它字节都是Scan Code，其意思解释取决于当前选择的Scan Code Set。

驱动程序模型

命令队列和状态机

命令必须一次发送一个 (例如，如果你的驱动程序是中断驱动的，则无法在IRQ处理程序中开始发送命令，因为IRQ处理程序之外的代码可能正在发送命令的中间)。直到你收到确认后，该命令才完成。例如，如果你发送命令，并且键盘以 “0xFE (重新发送)” 作为响应，那么你必须再次发送命令 (可能在你放弃之前限制为3次重试，并可以认为键盘不支持你正在发送的命令或出现硬件故障)。最后，假如有时您想一次发送几个命令。你可能有一个 “reinitialise()” 函数，该函数设置Scan Code Set，设置typematic字节，设置led并启用扫描。

实现这一目标的最简单方法是驱动程序维护一个命令队列。将命令添加到队列时，如果队列为空，则开始发送命令; 否则，将命令附加到队列。当你从键盘收到 “0xFA (ACK)” 时，你会丢弃队列头部的命令，并开始发送队列中的下一个命令 (如果有的话)。如果你从键盘收到 “0xFE (Resend)”，则可以在队列的头部重新发送命令。

驱动程序的剩余部分应该是一种状态机。当一些命令成功完成时，以及当从键盘接收到各种字节时，状态机进入不同的状态。例如，驱动程序可能开始处于默认状态，然后接收到中断代码，此时该中断代码将其置于 “接收到中断代码后等待Scan Code” 状态。然后，它可能会接收多字节Scan Code的第一个字节，并切换到 “在接收中断代码后等待第二个字节Scan Code” 状态。最后，它可能会接收Scan Code的第二个/最后一个字节，然后切换回默认状态。

Scan Code Sets, Scan Codes 和 Key Codes

Scan Code Set是一组编码，用于确定何时按下或重复或释放某个键。有3组不同的Scan Code Set。最老的是 “scan code set 1”，默认是 “scan code set 2”，还有更新的 (更复杂的) “scan code set 3”。注意: 通常在PC兼容系统上，键盘本身使用Scan Code Set 2，并且键盘控制器将其转换为Scan Code Set 1以实现兼容性。有关此处转换的更多信息，请参阅 "8042"_PS/2_Controller。

现代键盘应该支持所有三个Scan Code Set，但是仍有些则不支持。 Scan Code Set 2 (默认值) 是唯一保证支持的Scan Code Set。从理论上讲 (我还没有尝试过)，应该可以尝试设置Scan Code Set 1或Scan Code Set 3，然后询问键盘当前正在使用哪个Scan Code，看看它是否实际上正在使用请求的Scan Code Set。以这种方式，可以确定键盘确实支持哪个Scan Code Set。

Scan Code本身是一个或多个字节的序列。在某些情况下，序列可以多达6个字节 (例如，Scan Code Set 1中的Pause/Break键按下时生成序列0xE1，0x1D，0x45，0xE1，0x9D，0xC5)。这种情况对后续开发并不理想。通常，你希望将这些 “一个或多个字节序列” 转换为唯一标识特定键的单个整数，可以在诸如查找表之类的事情中有效使用 (这种表不需要是那种稀疏的又有几个G的查找表)。

所以提出了Key Code，“Key Code” 没有标准 - 这是你必须为操作系统弥补或发明的东西。我个人喜欢一个有8位Key Code的想法，其中最高的3位确定键盘上的哪一行，最低的5位确定哪一列 (本质上，键盘被视为最多8行和最多32列键的网格)。无论你选择使用什么Key Code，它都应该是所有键盘驱动程序 (包括USB键盘) 使用的东西，也可能用于其它输入设备 (例如，鼠标左键可能被视为 “Key Code 0xF1”)。

基本上，当键盘驱动程序的状态机知道它已经收到完整的Scan Code时，下一步就是将 “一个或多个字节” 的Scan Code转换为Key Code。

Key Code、按键状态和键映射

一旦有了Key Code，下一步就是跟踪当前正在按下的键。想象一个使用 “WASD” 键进行玩家移动的计算机游戏-按下 “a” 键时，玩家会逆时针旋转。游戏如何知道当前是否正在按下 “A” 键？为此，你需要一个标志数组，其中每个标志对应于一个Key Code。这里有一个隐藏的奖励-键盘驱动程序本身可以使用相同的 “标志数组” 来确定shift键，控制键，alt键等是否按下，这在尝试将Key Code转换为实际的ASCII字符或Unicode码点时非常有用。例如，如果用户按下 “a” 键，则它可能对应于 “a” 或 “A” (取决于capslock状态以及当时是否按住shift键)，或者可能根本不对应于有效字符 (例如 “control-a” 或 “alt-a” “)。

还要注意 (例如) “WASD” 游戏不在乎键是否为 'W'，'A'，'S' 和 'D'。游戏只希望掌握键盘 “T形” 区域的按键。如果有键盘恰好这些键不是T形布局的，那么在同一位置的键可能是完全不同的 (例如，它们将是Dvorak键盘上的 '<' 、 'A' 、 'O' 和 'E' 键)。这也解释了我偏好8位键代码方案的原因，其中最高的3位决定键盘上的哪一行，最低的5位决定哪一列 (这很容易让游戏询问第三行左边的第三个键的状态)。

一旦能够跟踪当前正在按下的键，下一步就是 (尝试) 将键转换为ASCII字符或Unicode代码点。在这一点上，你需要知道用户拥有哪种类型的键盘-是 “US QWERTY” 还是 “French AZERTY”，某种形式的Dvorak，还是阿拉伯语。要处理许多不同的键盘布局，键盘驱动程序需要使用表格将Key Code转换为ASCII字符或Unicode代码点; 因此，你只需要加载不同的 “键映射” 表即可支持不同的键盘布局。

然而，事情并不是那么简单。不同的键盘布局可以有不同的元键（meta keys）、不同的状态LED等。键映射表也必须对这些差异进行处理。这就是为什么如有必要的情况下，你不应该检测键盘LED是否已发生了变化，而应该在你在键映射表中找到Key Code的条目后发送 “设置LED” 命令。

处理的最后一步是将所有相关信息组合成某种 “keypress数据包” 结构，并将其发送给任何人 (例如GUI)。整个 “keypress数据包” 可能包括以下内容:

Unicode码点 (如适用)
Key Code
按下/释放标志
各种其它按键状态 (shift、alt、control等)
各种 “切换” 状态 (CapsLock、ScrollLock、NumberLock等)

Scan Code Set

由于有3个不同的Scan Code Set，因此有3个不同的表 (每个Scan Code Set一个)。一些Scan Code对应于随着时间的推移而添加的额外键，并且变得 “相对标准”。为了帮助保持跟踪，Scan Code已在下表中进行了分类和标记。首先使用的分类标签如下:

标签	含义
(keypad)	数字键盘上的键 (通常在键盘的右侧找到)。
(ACPI)	属于 “ACPI” 键组部分的键 (通常在键盘顶部附近找到)。许多现代键盘实际上没有这些键 (如果我没记错的话，它们在20世纪90年代末很流行，但此后变得不那么普遍了)。注意: 不要让这个名字愚弄你-这些键与ACPI（译者注：BIOS有Advanced Configuration and Power Interface-高级配置与电源接口）完全无关，并且表现得像任何其它普通键 (但对于支持电源管理的操作系统可能有用)。
(multimedia)	是多媒体键组的一部分的键 (通常在键盘顶部附近找到)。许多现代键盘确实至少有一些这样的键。这些键中的一些用于媒体播放器 (音量控制、播放/暂停、下一首曲目、上一首曲目等)，一些用于网络浏览(上一网页、下一网页、刷新、收藏夹/书签等)，还有一些用于启动应用程序（例如启动电子邮件客户端、启动计算器、打开“我的电脑”等）。

Scan Code Set 1

下表显示了使用Scan Code Set 1 (仅适用于 “US QWERTY” 键盘) 时，哪些Scan Code对应于哪些键:

Scan code	Key	Scan code	Key	Scan code	Key	Scan code	Key
		0x01	escape pressed	0x02	1 pressed	0x03	2 pressed
0x04	3 pressed	0x05	4 pressed	0x06	5 pressed	0x07	6 pressed
0x08	7 pressed	0x09	8 pressed	0x0A	9 pressed	0x0B	0 (zero) pressed
0x0C	- pressed	0x0D	= pressed	0x0E	backspace pressed	0x0F	tab pressed
0x10	Q pressed	0x11	W pressed	0x12	E pressed	0x13	R pressed
0x14	T pressed	0x15	Y pressed	0x16	U pressed	0x17	I pressed
0x18	O pressed	0x19	P pressed	0x1A	[ pressed	0x1B	] pressed
0x1C	enter pressed	0x1D	left control pressed	0x1E	A pressed	0x1F	S pressed
0x20	D pressed	0x21	F pressed	0x22	G pressed	0x23	H pressed
0x24	J pressed	0x25	K pressed	0x26	L pressed	0x27	; pressed
0x28	' (single quote) pressed	0x29	` (back tick) pressed	0x2A	left shift pressed	0x2B	\ pressed
0x2C	Z pressed	0x2D	X pressed	0x2E	C pressed	0x2F	V pressed
0x30	B pressed	0x31	N pressed	0x32	M pressed	0x33	, pressed
0x34	. pressed	0x35	/ pressed	0x36	right shift pressed	0x37	(keypad) * pressed
0x38	left alt pressed	0x39	space pressed	0x3A	CapsLock pressed	0x3B	F1 pressed
0x3C	F2 pressed	0x3D	F3 pressed	0x3E	F4 pressed	0x3F	F5 pressed
0x40	F6 pressed	0x41	F7 pressed	0x42	F8 pressed	0x43	F9 pressed
0x44	F10 pressed	0x45	NumberLock pressed	0x46	ScrollLock pressed	0x47	(keypad) 7 pressed
0x48	(keypad) 8 pressed	0x49	(keypad) 9 pressed	0x4A	(keypad) - pressed	0x4B	(keypad) 4 pressed
0x4C	(keypad) 5 pressed	0x4D	(keypad) 6 pressed	0x4E	(keypad) + pressed	0x4F	(keypad) 1 pressed
0x50	(keypad) 2 pressed	0x51	(keypad) 3 pressed	0x52	(keypad) 0 pressed	0x53	(keypad) . pressed
						0x57	F11 pressed
0x58	F12 pressed
		0x81	escape released	0x82	1 released	0x83	2 released
0x84	3 released	0x85	4 released	0x86	5 released	0x87	6 released
0x88	7 released	0x89	8 released	0x8A	9 released	0x8B	0 (zero) released
0x8C	- released	0x8D	= released	0x8E	backspace released	0x8F	tab released
0x90	Q released	0x91	W released	0x92	E released	0x93	R released
0x94	T released	0x95	Y released	0x96	U released	0x97	I released
0x98	O released	0x99	P released	0x9A	[ released	0x9B	] released
0x9C	enter released	0x9D	left control released	0x9E	A released	0x9F	S released
0xA0	D released	0xA1	F released	0xA2	G released	0xA3	H released
0xA4	J released	0xA5	K released	0xA6	L released	0xA7	; released
0xA8	' (single quote) released	0xA9	` (back tick) released	0xAA	left shift released	0xAB	\ released
0xAC	Z released	0xAD	X released	0xAE	C released	0xAF	V released
0xB0	B released	0xB1	N released	0xB2	M released	0xB3	, released
0xB4	. released	0xB5	/ released	0xB6	right shift released	0xB7	(keypad) * released
0xB8	left alt released	0xB9	space released	0xBA	CapsLock released	0xBB	F1 released
0xBC	F2 released	0xBD	F3 released	0xBE	F4 released	0xBF	F5 released
0xC0	F6 released	0xC1	F7 released	0xC2	F8 released	0xC3	F9 released
0xC4	F10 released	0xC5	NumberLock released	0xC6	ScrollLock released	0xC7	(keypad) 7 released
0xC8	(keypad) 8 released	0xC9	(keypad) 9 released	0xCA	(keypad) - released	0xCB	(keypad) 4 released
0xCC	(keypad) 5 released	0xCD	(keypad) 6 released	0xCE	(keypad) + released	0xCF	(keypad) 1 released
0xD0	(keypad) 2 released	0xD1	(keypad) 3 released	0xD2	(keypad) 0 released	0xD3	(keypad) . released
						0xD7	F11 released
0xD8	F12 released
0xE0, 0x10	(multimedia) previous track pressed
		0xE0, 0x19	(multimedia) next track pressed
0xE0, 0x1C	(keypad) enter pressed	0xE0, 0x1D	right control pressed
0xE0, 0x20	(multimedia) mute pressed	0xE0, 0x21	(multimedia) calculator pressed	0xE0, 0x22	(multimedia) play pressed
0xE0, 0x24	(multimedia) stop pressed
				0xE0, 0x2E	(multimedia) volume down pressed
0xE0, 0x30	(multimedia) volume up pressed			0xE0, 0x32	(multimedia) WWW home pressed
		0xE0, 0x35	(keypad) / pressed
0xE0, 0x38	right alt (or altGr) pressed
						0xE0, 0x47	home pressed
0xE0, 0x48	cursor up pressed	0xE0, 0x49	page up pressed			0xE0, 0x4B	cursor left pressed
		0xE0, 0x4D	cursor right pressed			0xE0, 0x4F	end pressed
0xE0, 0x50	cursor down pressed	0xE0, 0x51	page down pressed	0xE0, 0x52	insert pressed	0xE0, 0x53	delete pressed
						0xE0, 0x5B	left GUI pressed
0xE0, 0x5C	right GUI pressed	0xE0, 0x5D	"apps" pressed	0xE0, 0x5E	(ACPI) power pressed	0xE0, 0x5F	(ACPI) sleep pressed
						0xE0, 0x63	(ACPI) wake pressed
		0xE0, 0x65	(multimedia) WWW search pressed	0xE0, 0x66	(multimedia) WWW favorites pressed	0xE0, 0x67	(multimedia) WWW refresh pressed
0xE0, 0x68	(multimedia) WWW stop pressed	0xE0, 0x69	(multimedia) WWW forward pressed	0xE0, 0x6A	(multimedia) WWW back pressed	0xE0, 0x6B	(multimedia) my computer pressed
0xE0, 0x6C	(multimedia) email pressed	0xE0, 0x6D	(multimedia) media select pressed
0xE0, 0x90	(multimedia) previous track released
		0xE0, 0x99	(multimedia) next track released
0xE0, 0x9C	(keypad) enter released	0xE0, 0x9D	right control released
0xE0, 0xA0	(multimedia) mute released	0xE0, 0xA1	(multimedia) calculator released	0xE0, 0xA2	(multimedia) play released
0xE0, 0xA4	(multimedia) stop released
				0xE0, 0xAE	(multimedia) volume down released
0xE0, 0xB0	(multimedia) volume up released			0xE0, 0xB2	(multimedia) WWW home released
		0xE0, 0xB5	(keypad) / released
0xE0, 0xB8	right alt (or altGr) released
						0xE0, 0xC7	home released
0xE0, 0xC8	cursor up released	0xE0, 0xC9	page up released			0xE0, 0xCB	cursor left released
		0xE0, 0xCD	cursor right released			0xE0, 0xCF	end released
0xE0, 0xD0	cursor down released	0xE0, 0xD1	page down released	0xE0, 0xD2	insert released	0xE0, 0xD3	delete released
						0xE0, 0xDB	left GUI released
0xE0, 0xDC	right GUI released	0xE0, 0xDD	"apps" released	0xE0, 0xDE	(ACPI) power released	0xE0, 0xDF	(ACPI) sleep released
						0xE0, 0xE3	(ACPI) wake released
		0xE0, 0xE5	(multimedia) WWW search released	0xE0, 0xE6	(multimedia) WWW favorites released	0xE0, 0xE7	(multimedia) WWW refresh released
0xE0, 0xE8	(multimedia) WWW stop released	0xE0, 0xE9	(multimedia) WWW forward released	0xE0, 0xEA	(multimedia) WWW back released	0xE0, 0xEB	(multimedia) my computer released
0xE0, 0xEC	(multimedia) email released	0xE0, 0xED	(multimedia) media select released
						0xE0, 0x2A, 0xE0, 0x37	print screen pressed
						0xE0, 0xB7, 0xE0, 0xAA	print screen released
		0xE1, 0x1D, 0x45, 0xE1, 0x9D, 0xC5	pause pressed

注意: “pause key released” 没有Scan Code (它的行为就像按下后立即释放一样)

Scan Code Set 2

下表显示了使用Scan Code Set 2时，哪些Scan Code对应于哪些键（仅适用于“US QWERTY”键盘）：

Scan code	Key	Scan code	Key	Scan code	Key	Scan code	Key
		0x01	F9 pressed			0x03	F5 pressed
0x04	F3 pressed	0x05	F1 pressed	0x06	F2 pressed	0x07	F12 pressed
		0x09	F10 pressed	0x0A	F8 pressed	0x0B	F6 pressed
0x0C	F4 pressed	0x0D	tab pressed	0x0E	` (back tick) pressed
		0x11	left alt pressed	0x12	left shift pressed
0x14	left control pressed	0x15	Q pressed	0x16	1 pressed
				0x1A	Z pressed	0x1B	S pressed
0x1C	A pressed	0x1D	W pressed	0x1E	2 pressed
		0x21	C pressed	0x22	X pressed	0x23	D pressed
0x24	E pressed	0x25	4 pressed	0x26	3 pressed
		0x29	space pressed	0x2A	V pressed	0x2B	F pressed
0x2C	T pressed	0x2D	R pressed	0x2E	5 pressed
		0x31	N pressed	0x32	B pressed	0x33	H pressed
0x34	G pressed	0x35	Y pressed	0x36	6 pressed
				0x3A	M pressed	0x3B	J pressed
0x3C	U pressed	0x3D	7 pressed	0x3E	8 pressed
		0x41	, pressed	0x42	K pressed	0x43	I pressed
0x44	O pressed	0x45	0 (zero) pressed	0x46	9 pressed
		0x49	. pressed	0x4A	/ pressed	0x4B	L pressed
0x4C	; pressed	0x4D	P pressed	0x4E	- pressed
				0x52	' pressed
0x54	[ pressed	0x55	= pressed
0x58	CapsLock pressed	0x59	right shift pressed	0x5A	enter pressed	0x5B	] pressed
		0x5D	\ pressed

				0x66	backspace pressed
		0x69	(keypad) 1 pressed			0x6B	(keypad) 4 pressed
0x6C	(keypad) 7 pressed
0x70	(keypad) 0 pressed	0x71	(keypad) . pressed	0x72	(keypad) 2 pressed	0x73	(keypad) 5 pressed
0x74	(keypad) 6 pressed	0x75	(keypad) 8 pressed	0x76	escape pressed	0x77	NumberLock pressed
0x78	F11 pressed	0x79	(keypad) + pressed	0x7A	(keypad) 3 pressed	0x7B	(keypad) - pressed
0x7C	(keypad) * pressed	0x7D	(keypad) 9 pressed	0x7E	ScrollLock pressed
						0x83	F7 pressed
0xE0, 0x10	(multimedia) WWW search pressed	0xE0, 0x11	right alt pressed
0xE0, 0x14	right control pressed	0xE0, 0x15	(multimedia) previous track pressed
0xE0, 0x18	(multimedia) WWW favourites pressed
						0xE0, 0x1F	left GUI pressed
0xE0, 0x20	(multimedia) WWW refresh pressed	0xE0, 0x21	(multimedia) volume down pressed			0xE0, 0x23	(multimedia) mute pressed
						0xE0, 0x27	right GUI pressed
0xE0, 0x28	(multimedia) WWW stop pressed					0xE0, 0x2B	(multimedia) calculator pressed
						0xE0, 0x2F	apps pressed
0xE0, 0x30	(multimedia) WWW forward pressed			0xE0, 0x32	(multimedia) volume up pressed
0xE0, 0x34	(multimedia) play/pause pressed					0xE0, 0x37	(ACPI) power pressed
0xE0, 0x38	(multimedia) WWW back pressed			0xE0, 0x3A	(multimedia) WWW home pressed	0xE0, 0x3B	(multimedia) stop pressed
						0xE0, 0x3F	(ACPI) sleep pressed
0xE0, 0x40	(multimedia) my computer pressed
0xE0, 0x48	(multimedia) email pressed			0xE0, 0x4A	(keypad) / pressed
		0xE0, 0x4D	(multimedia) next track pressed
0xE0, 0x50	(multimedia) media select pressed
				0xE0, 0x5A	(keypad) enter pressed
				0xE0, 0x5E	(ACPI) wake pressed
		0xE0, 0x69	end pressed			0xE0, 0x6B	cursor left pressed
0xE0, 0x6C	home pressed
0xE0, 0x70	insert pressed	0xE0, 0x71	delete pressed	0xE0, 0x72	cursor down pressed
0xE0, 0x74	cursor right pressed	0xE0, 0x75	cursor up pressed
				0xE0, 0x7A	page down pressed
		0xE0, 0x7D	page up pressed
		0xF0, 0x01	F9 released			0xF0, 0x03	F5 released
0xF0, 0x04	F3 released	0xF0, 0x05	F1 released	0xF0, 0x06	F2 released	0xF0, 0x07	F12 released
		0xF0, 0x09	F10 released	0xF0, 0x0A	F8 released	0xF0, 0x0B	F6 released
0xF0, 0x0C	F4 released	0xF0, 0x0D	tab released	0xF0, 0x0E	` (back tick) released
		0xF0, 0x11	left alt released	0xF0, 0x12	left shift released
0xF0, 0x14	left control released	0xF0, 0x15	Q released	0xF0, 0x16	1 released
				0xF0, 0x1A	Z released	0xF0, 0x1B	S released
0xF0, 0x1C	A released	0xF0, 0x1D	W released	0xF0, 0x1E	2 released
		0xF0, 0x21	C released	0xF0, 0x22	X released	0xF0, 0x23	D released
0xF0, 0x24	E released	0xF0, 0x25	4 released	0xF0, 0x26	3 released
		0xF0, 0x29	space released	0xF0, 0x2A	V released	0xF0, 0x2B	F released
0xF0, 0x2C	T released	0xF0, 0x2D	R released	0xF0, 0x2E	5 released
		0xF0, 0x31	N released	0xF0, 0x32	B released	0xF0, 0x33	H released
0xF0, 0x34	G released	0xF0, 0x35	Y released	0xF0, 0x36	6 released
				0xF0, 0x3A	M released	0xF0, 0x3B	J released
0xF0, 0x3C	U released	0xF0, 0x3D	7 released	0xF0, 0x3E	8 released
		0xF0, 0x41	, released	0xF0, 0x42	K released	0xF0, 0x43	I released
0xF0, 0x44	O released	0xF0, 0x45	0 (zero) released	0xF0, 0x46	9 released
		0xF0, 0x49	. released	0xF0, 0x4A	/ released	0xF0, 0x4B	L released
0xF0, 0x4C	; released	0xF0, 0x4D	P released	0xF0, 0x4E	- released
				0xF0, 0x52	' released
0xF0, 0x54	[ released	0xF0, 0x55	= released
0xF0, 0x58	CapsLock released	0xF0, 0x59	right shift released	0xF0, 0x5A	enter released	0xF0, 0x5B	] released
		0xF0, 0x5D	\ released

				0xF0, 0x66	backspace released
		0xF0, 0x69	(keypad) 1 released			0xF0, 0x6B	(keypad) 4 released
0xF0, 0x6C	(keypad) 7 released
0xF0, 0x70	(keypad) 0 released	0xF0, 0x71	(keypad) . released	0xF0, 0x72	(keypad) 2 released	0xF0, 0x73	(keypad) 5 released
0xF0, 0x74	(keypad) 6 released	0xF0, 0x75	(keypad) 8 released	0xF0, 0x76	escape released	0xF0, 0x77	NumberLock released
0xF0, 0x78	F11 released	0xF0, 0x79	(keypad) + released	0xF0, 0x7A	(keypad) 3 released	0xF0, 0x7B	(keypad) - released
0xF0, 0x7C	(keypad) * released	0xF0, 0x7D	(keypad) 9 released	0xF0, 0x7E	ScrollLock released
						0xF0, 0x83	F7 released
0xE0, 0x12, 0xE0, 0x7C	print screen pressed
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x10	(multimedia) WWW search released	0xE0, 0xF0, 0x11	right alt released
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x14	right control released	0xE0, 0xF0, 0x15	(multimedia) previous track released
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x18	(multimedia) WWW favourites released
						0xE0, 0xF0, 0x1F	left GUI released
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x20	(multimedia) WWW refresh released	0xE0, 0xF0, 0x21	(multimedia) volume down released			0xE0, 0xF0, 0x23	(multimedia) mute released
						0xE0, 0xF0, 0x27	right GUI released
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x28	(multimedia) WWW stop released					0xE0, 0xF0, 0x2B	(multimedia) calculator released
						0xE0, 0xF0, 0x2F	apps released
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x30	(multimedia) WWW forward released			0xE0, 0xF0, 0x32	(multimedia) volume up released
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x34	(multimedia) play/pause released					0xE0, 0xF0, 0x37	(ACPI) power released
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x38	(multimedia) WWW back released			0xE0, 0xF0, 0x3A	(multimedia) WWW home released	0xE0, 0xF0, 0x3B	(multimedia) stop released
						0xE0, 0xF0, 0x3F	(ACPI) sleep released
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x40	(multimedia) my computer released
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x48	(multimedia) email released			0xE0, 0xF0, 0x4A	(keypad) / released
		0xE0, 0xF0, 0x4D	(multimedia) next track released
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x50	(multimedia) media select released
				0xE0, 0xF0, 0x5A	(keypad) enter released
				0xE0, 0xF0, 0x5E	(ACPI) wake released
		0xE0, 0xF0, 0x69	end released			0xE0, 0xF0, 0x6B	cursor left released
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x6C	home released
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x70	insert released	0xE0, 0xF0, 0x71	delete released	0xE0, 0xF0, 0x72	cursor down released
0xE0, 0xF0, 0x74	cursor right released	0xE0, 0xF0, 0x75	cursor up released
				0xE0, 0xF0, 0x7A	page down released
		0xE0, 0xF0, 0x7D	page up released
				0xE0, 0xF0, 0x7C, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0x12	print screen released
						0xE1, 0x14, 0x77, 0xE1, 0xF0, 0x14, 0xF0, 0x77	pause pressed

注意：没有“pause key released”的Scan Code(它的行为就像它一按下就被释放一样)

Scan Code Set 3

下表显示了使用Scan Code Set 3 (仅适用于 “US QWERTY” 键盘) 时，哪些Scan Code对应于哪些键:

Scan code

另见

论坛主题

外部链接

Keyboard scancodes - 关于你可能遇到的所有Scan Code的完整引用。
USB HID to PS/2 Translation Table - 微软的scancodes和USB等效表
Keyboard Scan Code Specification - 微软的scancodes规范
PS/2 keyboard interface playlist - Ben Eater在面包板上构建PS/2键盘接口的视频播放列表。

实现

Linux (C,GPL)
Minix

de:Keyboard Controller

Key	Scan Code Set 3 编码
A	1C
B	32
C	21
D	23
E	24
F	2B
G	34
H	33
I	43
J	3B
K	42
L	4B
M	3A
N	31
O	44
P	4D
Q	15
R	2D
S	1B
T	2C
U	3C
V	2A
W	1D
X	22
Y	35
Z	1A

PS/2 Keyboard

目录

概述

命令

特殊字节

驱动程序模型

命令队列和状态机

Scan Code Sets, Scan Codes 和 Key Codes

Key Code、按键状态和键映射

Scan Code Set

Scan Code Set 1

Scan Code Set 2

Scan Code Set 3

另见

论坛主题

外部链接

实现

导航菜单

Key	Scan Code Set 3 编码
A	1C
B	32
C	21
D	23
E	24
F	2B
G	34
H	33
I	43
J	3B
K	42
L	4B
M	3A
N	31
O	44
P	4D
Q	15
R	2D
S	1B
T	2C
U	3C
V	2A
W	1D
X	22
Y	35
Z	1A

Key	Scan Code Set 3 编码
A	1C
B	32
C	21
D	23
E	24
F	2B
G	34
H	33
I	43
J	3B
K	42
L	4B
M	3A
N	31
O	44
P	4D
Q	15
R	2D
S	1B
T	2C
U	3C
V	2A
W	1D
X	22
Y	35
Z	1A

PS/2 Keyboard

概述

命令

特殊字节

驱动程序模型

命令队列和状态机

Scan Code Sets, Scan Codes 和 Key Codes

Key Code、按键状态和键映射

Scan Code Set

Scan Code Set 1

Scan Code Set 2

Scan Code Set 3

另见

论坛主题

外部链接

实现

导航菜单

搜索

Key	Scan Code Set 3 编码
A	1C
B	32
C	21
D	23
E	24
F	2B
G	34
H	33
I	43
J	3B
K	42
L	4B
M	3A
N	31
O	44
P	4D
Q	15
R	2D
S	1B
T	2C
U	3C
V	2A
W	1D
X	22
Y	35
Z	1A